Takhoma : ethnography of Mount Rainier National Park

Title:

Author:

Smith, Allan H. (Allan Hathorn), 1913-1999, author.

Contents:

Introduction -- Native toponymy -- Tribal identities and tribal boundaries -- Village sites and structures -- Economic and other uses -- Trails, travel, and trade -- Summary and conclusion.

Physical Description:

xxiii, 182 p. : ill., maps ; 23 cm.

Subject Term:

Indians of North America -- Washington (State) -- Mount Rainier National Park -- Antiquities.

Archaeological surveying -- Washington (State) -- Mount Rainier National Park.

Geographic Term:

Mount Rainier National Park (Wash.) -- Antiquities.

Publisher:

Washington State University Press,

Publication Date:

2005

ISBN:

9780874222845

Publication Information:

Pullman : Washington State University Press, 2005.

Call Number:

979.7 SMITH

Holds: Copies:

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Item Barcode	Collection	Call Number	Status	Item Holds
33607002883117	Adult Nonfiction	979.7 SMITH	Searching... Unknown	Searching... Unavailable

"Sooty Grouse were drawn in large numbers to the huckleberry patches in the fruiting season...[feasting] until, their crops distended, they hate even to fly. Moreover, the fermenting juices of the overripe berries have a decided alcoholic effect on many of the birds...the larger children and more active women might well have experienced little difficulty in capturing them."

An imposing geologic feature that once provided a variety of natural resources to the indigenous people who lived nearby, the sheer size of Mount Rainier prompted many to call it simply The Mountain or "Takhoma." The volcanic cone towers to a height of 14,408 feet and comprises about one-fourth of the total 377 square-mile park. The area's formidable physical characteristics had long impeded modern researchers. As a result, in 1963, when faculty at Washington State University decided to investigate the region's prehistory under contract with the National Park Service, its archaeological past was virtually unknown. Combining an exhaustive search of the pre-existing data and literature with a field study comprised of interviewing elderly Native Americans, the researchers sought to ascertain the locations of possible archaeological sites in Mount Rainier National Park, and secure data to assist in their interpretation. Takhoma: Ethnography of Mount Rainier National Park presents the analysis of the collected and recovered material addressing native toponymy, tribal identities and boundaries, village sites and structures, aboriginal economic and other uses of the region, and native trails, travel, and trade. This informative investigation served as a valuable first step toward unraveling the cultural past of Mount Rainier National Park.

Greg C. BurtchardBarbara LaneRichard H. Daugherty

Acknowledgments	p. ix
Foreword	p. xiii
Mount Rainier Archaeological Survey, 1963	p. xix
1 Introduction	p. 1
Physical Environment	p. 1
Physiography	p. 2
Life Zones	p. 4
Parks	p. 6
Tribal Classification	p. 7
Research Design	p. 8
Objectives	p. 8
Premises	p. 10
The Yakama	p. 11
The Nisqually	p. 14
Data	p. 14
Ethnographic Fieldwork Procedures and Schedule	p. 15
Ethnographic Fieldwork Findings	p. 17
Findings from the Literature	p. 19
Orthography	p. 19
2 Native Toponymy	p. 23
Plateau Tribes	p. 23
Coastal Tribes	p. 25
3 Tribal Identities and Boundaries	p. 29
Problems in Boundary Definition	p. 29
(1) Utilization of the National Park	p. 29
(2) Political Independence of the Plateau Band	p. 29
Klikitat	p. 30
Yakama	p. 31
The Band	p. 35
Conclusion	p. 36
(3) Autonomy of the Coast Village or Village Cluster	p. 37
Conclusion	p. 37
(4) The Concept of Boundary in Mountainous Areas	p. 39
Yakama	p. 39
Puget Sound Tribes	p. 41
Conclusion	p. 44
(5) The Joint Exploitation of Mountainous Terrain	p. 44
Conclusion	p. 47
(6) Intertribal Marriage	p. 48
Puget Sound to Plateau	p. 48
Plateau to Puget Sound	p. 49
Intra-Plateau	p. 53
Intra-Coastal	p. 54
Conclusion	p. 54
(7) Tribal Boundary Changes Through Time	p. 55
Change by Intermarriage	p. 55
Change by Migration	p. 56
Conclusion	p. 58
Boundary Data	p. 59
Yakama	p. 59
Taidnapam	p. 63
Meshal	p. 68
The Puget Sound Salishan Groups	p. 73
Nisqually-Puyallup Identifications	p. 74
Nisqually	p. 78
Puyallup	p. 87
Muckleshoot	p. 90
4 Village Sites and Structures	p. 95
Sites	p. 95
Yakama	p. 95
Taidnapam	p. 97
Nisqually	p. 98
Puyallup	p. 99
Muckleshoot	p. 100
Structures	p. 100
5 Economic and other Uses	p. 103
Plateau Tribes	p. 104
Puget Sound Tribes	p. 104
Food Collecting	p. 106
Huckleberries and Blueberries	p. 106
Other Plant Foods	p. 122
Hunting	p. 123
Columbia Black-tail Deer	p. 124
Elk	p. 127
Bear	p. 129
Mountain Goat	p. 130
Mountain Sheep	p. 139
Hoary Marmot	p. 140
Grouse	p. 141
Other Birds	p. 143
Meat Preparation	p. 144
Fishing	p. 145
Collecting of Technological Plants	p. 146
Collecting of Medicinal Flora	p. 147
Guardian Spirit Quests	p. 148
Conclusion	p. 148
6 Trails, Travel, and Trade	p. 153
Passes	p. 153
Chinook Pass	p. 153
Naches Pass	p. 154
Carlton Pass	p. 155
Cowlitz Pass	p. 155
Passes North of Naches Pass	p. 156
Passes South of Cowlitz Pass	p. 157
Cayuse Pass	p. 158
Mountain Access Routes	p. 158
Traveling and Trading	p. 160
Camp Sites	p. 160
Traveling on Mountain Access Routes	p. 160
Traveling on Major East-West Trails	p. 160
Trade	p. 160
Plateau Groups in Coastal Territory	p. 161
Coastal Groups in the Plateau	p. 163
Resource Utilization	p. 163
Marriage and Affinial Activities	p. 163
Gambling	p. 165
Warfare and Raiding	p. 165
7 Summary and Conclusion	p. 167
References	p. 177

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