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Summary
Summary
Inoculate yourself against the confusion and misinformation surrounding vaccines
Measles, mumps, and rubella--oh my! Why are we vaccinating our children--and ourselves--against these diseases, and what goes on in our bodies after the needle comes out? Vaccines For Dummies will inform and entertain you about all things vax, including how the first vaccines were discovered, what's in modern vaccines, how they are tested and approved for use, and why the CDC's vaccine schedule is what it is. Inside, you'll also find a complete guide to vaccine benefits, potential side effects, and contraindications, so you'll be ready when shot time comes.
From the very first inoculations hundreds of years ago to the brand new COVID-19 shot, creating immunity to diseases has become a human specialty. If you're wondering how safe and how necessary it all is, you aren't alone. In Vaccines For Dummies , we'll explore the issue from every angle, empowering you to take charge of your wellbeing. With this book, you will:
Discover the ABCs of vaccines, including what they're made of and how they work Learn about each recommended childhood and adult immunization, plus the seasonal flu shot, all with this evidence-based guide Take a journey through vaccine history, meeting the major players of yesterday and today Decide what's right for your family, with the help of the most recent vaccine scienceParents, parents-to-be, adults of any age, and anyone who wants to delve into the microscopic world of pathogens and their arch nemeses (antigens and antibodies) will get a double dose of knowledge from Vaccines For Dummies .
Author Notes
Mega Coffee, MD, PhD, is a faculty member at the Grossman School of Medicine at New York University Hospital. She is an attending physician in infectious diseases at Bellevue Hospital in New York City and teaches on communicable diseases in humanitarian crises at Columbia University. She collaborates with a team at NYU to better predict disease severity in COVID.
Sharon Perkins, RN, is the co-author of more than 10 For Dummies titles including Pregnancy For Dummies, Healthy Aging For Dummies, Dad's Guide to Baby's First Year For Dummies, and most recently, Getting Pregnant For Dummies.
Table of Contents
Introduction | p. 1 |
About This Book | p. 1 |
Foolish Assumptions | p. 2 |
Icons Used in This Book | p. 2 |
Beyond the Book | p. 2 |
Where to Go from Here | p. 3 |
Part 1 Getting Started with Vaccine Basics | p. 5 |
Chapter 1 Focusing on Vaccine Fundamentals | p. 7 |
Realizing the Crucial Role of Vaccines | p. 8 |
Explaining How a Vaccine Works | p. 9 |
Distinguishing between antigens and antibodies | p. 10 |
Breaking down other vaccine ingredients | p. 10 |
Comparing Viruses, Bacteria, and Toxins | p. 11 |
Studying COVID-19 Vaccine Development | p. 14 |
Understanding the Importance of Vaccine Schedules | p. 15 |
Preparing for Potential Vaccine Side Effects | p. 16 |
Optimizing Your Immune Response | p. 16 |
Chapter 2 The (Non) Life of a Virus | p. 17 |
Looking Inside Your Average Virus | p. 18 |
Investigating Influenza Viruses | p. 18 |
Type A | p. 19 |
Type B | p. 21 |
Type C | p. 21 |
Type D | p. 22 |
Examining Enteroviruses (Including Rhinoviruses) | p. 22 |
Knowing About Norovirus | p. 23 |
Understanding HIV | p. 24 |
Trying to Say Goodbye to Measles | p. 25 |
Checking Out the Cause of Chicken Pox: Varicella | p. 26 |
Fighting Ebola | p. 27 |
Surveying Variola (Smallpox) | p. 29 |
Chapter 3 The Crowned Virus: Coronavirus | p. 31 |
Identifying the Coronavirus in Humans | p. 32 |
Combatting the Common Cold Coronavirus | p. 33 |
What is a cold, exactly? | p. 34 |
What causes a cold? | p. 34 |
When is a cold not a cold? | p. 35 |
Surveying SARS and MERS | p. 40 |
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) | p. 40 |
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) | p. 41 |
COVID-19: The Novel (and Specially Confounding) Coronavirus | p. 42 |
Reviewing the start of the pandemic | p. 42 |
Charting the course of the infection | p. 44 |
Detecting a COVID-19 infection | p. 46 |
Digging into the development of COVID-19 vaccines | p. 50 |
Dealing with vaccine side effects | p. 52 |
Aiming for herd immunity | p. 53 |
Keeping safe from COVID-19 if you're not yet protected by vaccination | p. 55 |
Coping with COVID-19 and flu season | p. 56 |
Chapter 4 Bacterial Bad Guys | p. 57 |
Understanding What Makes Bacteria Different from Viruses | p. 57 |
Digging into Vaccines That Defuse Bacteria | p. 58 |
The make-up of vaccines that protect against bacterial toxins | p. 59 |
The bacterial illnesses that vaccines prevent | p. 59 |
Comparing Antibiotics and Vaccines | p. 64 |
Seeing How Vaccines Help Prevent Antibiotic Resistance | p. 65 |
Part 2 Verifying Valuable Vaccines | p. 67 |
Chapter 5 Distinguishing and Testing Different Vaccines | p. 69 |
Getting to Know the Different Types of Vaccines | p. 70 |
Whole-pathogen vaccines | p. 70 |
Subunit vaccines | p. 72 |
Testing Vaccines for Safety and Effectiveness | p. 75 |
Determining the need and costs: The preclinical stage | p. 75 |
Phase I | p. 76 |
Phase II | p. 76 |
Phase III | p. 76 |
Post-Phase III | p. 77 |
Studying the Efficacy of Vaccines | p. 78 |
Measuring efficacy versus effectiveness | p. 78 |
Rounding up herd immunity | p. 79 |
Tracing the History of Various Vaccines | p. 80 |
Smallpox | p. 80 |
Typhoid fever | p. 81 |
Yellow fever | p. 81 |
Influenza | p. 82 |
Polio | p. 82 |
Anthrax | p. 82 |
Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) | p. 82 |
Varicella (chicken pox) | p. 83 |
Chapter 6 Tracking the Current List of Effective Vaccines | p. 85 |
Chicken Pox (Varicella) | p. 85 |
Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis | p. 86 |
Diphtheria | p. 86 |
Tetanus | p. 87 |
Pertussis | p. 88 |
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B (Hib) | p. 88 |
Hepatitis A | p. 89 |
Hepatitis B | p. 90 |
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) | p. 92 |
Influenza (Flu) | p. 93 |
Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) | p. 95 |
Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella (MMRV) | p. 97 |
Meningococcal Vaccines | p. 97 |
Pneumococcal Vaccines | p. 98 |
For adults | p. 99 |
For children | p. 100 |
Rotavirus | p. 101 |
Shingles (Herpes Zoster) | p. 102 |
Chapter 7 What to Expect When You're Vaccinating | p. 105 |
Understanding Side Effects: What May Cause Them and What Happens | p. 106 |
Looking at common vaccine ingredients | p. 106 |
Distinguishing vaccine delivery methods | p. 110 |
Watching for localized skin reactions | p. 111 |
Expecting a systemic immune response | p. 114 |
Recognizing and Treating Serious Reactions | p. 116 |
Avoiding allergic reactions | p. 117 |
Anaphylactic reactions | p. 117 |
Febrile seizures after childhood vaccinations | p. 118 |
Guillain-Barré syndrome | p. 119 |
Thrombocytopenia | p. 120 |
Looking at Multiple Vaccines and the Immune System | p. 120 |
Part 3 Scheduling Safety | p. 123 |
Chapter 8 Vaccines for Children | p. 125 |
Understanding Mom-to-Baby Immunity | p. 125 |
Breastfeeding benefits | p. 126 |
Antibodies passed on during pregnancy | p. 126 |
Getting a Reminder of the Effectiveness and Importance of Vaccinations | p. 127 |
Focusing on Vaccinations in the First Year of Life | p. 127 |
Hepatitis B | p. 128 |
Rotavirus | p. 129 |
DTaP (Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis) | p. 131 |
Hib | p. 132 |
IPV (inactivated polio vaccine) | p. 132 |
Influenza | p. 133 |
PCV13 | p. 134 |
Knowing New Vaccinations for Toddlers | p. 134 |
MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) | p. 136 |
Varicella or MMRV | p. 139 |
Hepatitis A | p. 140 |
Surveying a Few Vaccines for Ages 4 to 6 | p. 140 |
Adding Some School-Age Vaccinations | p. 141 |
Human papillomavirus (HPV) | p. 141 |
Meningococcal conjugate (MenACWY) | p. 142 |
Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap) | p. 142 |
Needing a Booster: Vaccines for Teens | p. 143 |
Catching Up on Childhood Vaccines | p. 144 |
Spreading vaccines out | p. 144 |
Starting vaccines late | p. 144 |
Adopting a child from another country | p. 145 |
Checking Out Vaccine Schedules Around the World | p. 146 |
Chapter 9 Vaccines for Adults | p. 147 |
Vaccines When You're 19-26 Years Old | p. 147 |
Your yearly flu shot | p. 148 |
The COVID-19 vaccine | p. 149 |
A Tdap or Td booster | p. 150 |
Vaccines When You're 27-49 Years Old | p. 151 |
Vaccines When You're 50-64 Years Old | p. 151 |
Vaccines When You're 65-Plus Years Old | p. 153 |
Influenza | p. 153 |
Tdap | p. 155 |
Pneumococcal vaccines | p. 156 |
Vaccines Before and During Pregnancy | p. 156 |
Vaccines for Travelers | p. 157 |
Making sure you're up to date on routine vaccines | p. 158 |
Getting other vaccines depending on your destination | p. 158 |
Catching Up: If Your Parents/Guardians Didn't Vaccinate You | p. 160 |
Chapter 10 Spelling Out Who May Face Risks | p. 161 |
Knowing When to Avoid or Limit Vaccines | p. 161 |
Considering vaccines and cancer | p. 162 |
Vaccines and immune disorders | p. 163 |
Vaccines after organ transplantation | p. 164 |
Understanding Vaccines and Allergies | p. 165 |
Allergies to vaccine ingredients and components | p. 165 |
Different types of reactions | p. 168 |
Recognizing reactions that actually aren't allergies | p. 169 |
Taking precautions before vaccination | p. 169 |
Assessing Reactions to the COVID-19 Vaccine | p. 170 |
Rare cases of anaphylaxis | p. 170 |
Other types of reactions | p. 170 |
Inspecting ingredients found in current COVID-19 vaccines | p. 171 |
Getting the COVID-19 vaccine after you've had COVID-19 | p. 173 |
Chapter 11 Anti-Vaxxers and Debunking Myths About Vaccines | p. 175 |
Studying the Rise of Vaccine Hesitancy | p. 176 |
Understanding why some people don't vaccinate | p. 176 |
Looking at the early anti-vaxxers | p. 178 |
Debunking Common Vaccine Myths | p. 179 |
Myth: Diseases were disappearing before vaccines were invented | p. 180 |
Myth: Vaccines cause serious side effects, illnesses, and death | p. 180 |
Myth: Kids don't need to be vaccinated so young | p. 181 |
Myth: Kids don't need to be vaccinated when illnesses don't exist in their country | p. 184 |
Myth: Giving multiple vaccines at the same time overloads the immune system | p. 184 |
Myth: Vaccines can cause the disease they are supposed to prevent | p. 185 |
Myth: Not getting vaccinated affects only me | p. 186 |
Myth: Natural immunity is always best | p. 186 |
Myth: The MMR vaccine causes autism | p. 187 |
Myth: Vaccines contain harmful chemicals | p. 188 |
Reviewing Vaccine Recalls | p. 189 |
Part 4 The Part of Tens | p. 191 |
Chapter 12 Five People Who Created Ten (Or More) Modern Vaccines | p. 193 |
Edward Jenner: Snuffing Out Smallpox | p. 193 |
Louis Pasteur: Ridding the World of Rabies | p. 194 |
Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin: Putting Polio Behind Us | p. 195 |
Maurice Hilleman: The Master of Modern Vaccines | p. 196 |
Chapter 13 Ten Diseases Without Vaccines, from A to Z | p. 199 |
Avian Influenzas (Bird Flu) | p. 200 |
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | p. 200 |
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) | p. 201 |
Hepatitis C | p. 202 |
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 1 and 2 | p. 203 |
HIV/AIDS | p. 204 |
Lyme Disease | p. 205 |
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) | p. 207 |
West Nile Virus | p. 208 |
Zika Virus | p. 209 |
Chapter 14 The Ten Most Lethal Major Pandemics | p. 211 |
Antonine Plague (165-180) | p. 212 |
Plague of Justinian (541-750) | p. 212 |
Bubonic Plague (Black Death) (1346-1353) | p. 213 |
Cholera (1846-1860) | p. 214 |
Third Plague Pandemic (1855-1960) | p. 215 |
Influenza (Russian Flu) (1889-1890) | p. 215 |
Influenza (Spanish Flu) (1918-1919) | p. 216 |
Influenza (Asian Flu) (1957-1958) | p. 217 |
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (1981-Present) | p. 217 |
COVID-19 (2020-Present) | p. 218 |
Chapter 15 Ten Ways to Boost Your Immune System | p. 219 |
Getting Your Vaccinations | p. 219 |
Decreasing Stress | p. 220 |
Eating Well | p. 220 |
Maintaining a Healthy Weight | p. 221 |
Getting Enough Sleep | p. 221 |
Exercising for Immunity | p. 222 |
Saying No to Smoking | p. 222 |
Drinking Only in Moderation | p. 223 |
Staying Connected | p. 223 |
Considering Supplements | p. 224 |
Index | p. 225 |